/* google fonts embedded code  */

.lato-light {
    font-family: "Lato", sans-serif;
    font-weight: 300;
    font-style: normal;
}

* {
    box-sizing: border-box;
    font-family: "Lato", sans-serif;

}

html,
body {
    font-family: "Lato", sans-serif;
    font-size: 16px;
    font-weight: 300;
    line-height: 24px;
    color: #212529;
    text-align: start;
    background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);
    box-sizing: border-box;
    display: block;
    letter-spacing: 1px;
    margin: 0px;
    padding: 0px;
    width: 100%;
}

/* navbar styling */
.navbar {
    width: 100%;
    position: fixed;
    top: 0;
    z-index: 1030;
    transition: background-color 0.3s ease;
}

/* Transparent navbar initially */
.navbar.transparent {
    background-color: transparent;
}

/* Solid navbar on scroll */
.navbar.solid {
    background-color: #333;
    box-shadow: 0 4px 10px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.1);
}

/* Navigation container styling */
.nav-container {
    font-family: "Lato", sans-serif;
    height: 58px;
    display: flex;
    float: right;
    align-items: center;
    justify-content: space-between;
    padding: 0.5rem 1rem;
}

/* Navigation links */
.nav-links {
    font-family: "Lato", sans-serif;
    list-style: none;
    display: flex;
    margin: 0;
    padding: 0;
}

.nav-links li {

    margin: 0 15px;
}

.nav-links a {
    font-family: "Lato", sans-serif;
    text-decoration: none;
    color: #fff;
    font-size: 16px;
    transition: color 0.3s;
    font-weight: 350;
}

.nav-links a:hover {
    cursor: pointer;
    background-color: #AA6E90;
    border-radius: 5px;
}

/* Hamburger Icon */
.hamburger {
    font-family: "Lato", sans-serif;
    display: none;
    flex-direction: column;
    cursor: pointer;
}

.bar {
    background-color: #fff;
    height: 4px;
    width: 30px;
    margin: 5px 0;
    transition: 0.4s;
    border-radius: 5px;
}

/* Mobile menu */
.mobile-menu {

    display: none;
    flex-direction: column;
    position: absolute;
    top: 58px;
    left: 0;
    width: 100%;
    background: #333;
    z-index: 999;
}

.mobile-menu a {
    font-family: "Lato", sans-serif;
    color: white;
    text-decoration: none;
    padding: 15px;
    border-bottom: 1px solid #444;
}

.mobile-menu a:hover {
    background: #AA6E90;
}

/* responsive */
@media (max-width: 768px) {
    .nav-links {
        display: none;
        /* to hide original menu */
    }

    .hamburger {
        display: flex;
    }

    .mobile-menu.show {
        display: flex;
    }
}

/* main head */

.content-center {
    align-items: center;
    justify-content: center;
    text-align: justify;
    display: flex;
    /* additional new*/
    position: relative;
    z-index: 2;
    /* ensure the text is above the slideshow */
}

.mainHead {

    position: relative;
    width: 100%;
    height: auto;
    min-height: 55rem;
    padding: 15rem 0;
    background: linear-gradient(to bottom, rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.1) 0%, rgba(0, 0, 0, 1.0) 15%, rgba(0, 0, 0, 1.0) 100%);
    /*, url(images/PoutitineEditedPhoto.jpeg)*/
    overflow: hidden;
    /* prevent overflow from slideshow images */

}

.slideshow {
    position: absolute;
    top: 0;
    left: 0;
    width: 100%;
    height: 100%;
    z-index: 1;
    background: #333;
    animation: fade 12s ease-in infinite alternate;
    background-size: cover;
    background-position: center;
    background-repeat: no-repeat;
}

/* defininig the images in the slideshow */
.slideshow {
    animation: slide 12s ease-in infinite alternate;
}

@keyframes slide {
    0% {
        background-image: url('images/PoutitineEditedPhoto.jpeg');
    }

    50% {
        background-image: url('images/studio-teaching.jpg');
    }

    100% {
        background-image: url('images/Teaching_in_the_1950s_7.jpg');
    }
}

.mainText {
    text-align: center !important;
    color: #fff;
}

.mainH1 {
    font-family: "Lato", sans-serif;
    font-size: clamp(2rem, 5vw, 4rem);
    line-height: 1.2;
    letter-spacing: clamp(0.2rem, 0.5vw, 0.9rem);
    text-transform: uppercase;
    background: linear-gradient(rgba(255, 255, 255, 1.0), rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.3));
    -webkit-text-fill-color: transparent;
    background-clip: text;
    margin: 0;
    transition: all 0.3s ease-in-out;
}

.mainH2 {
    font-family: "Lato", sans-serif;
    font-size: clamp(1rem, 3vw, 1.5rem);
    margin-top: 2rem;
    margin-bottom: 1rem;
    color: rgba(255, 255, 255, 1);
    opacity: 0.8;
    transition: all 0.3s ease-in-out;
}

@media (max-width: 1200px) {
    .mainH1 {
        font-size: 3rem;
        letter-spacing: 0.6rem;
    }

    .mainH2 {
        font-size: 1.3rem;
    }
}

@media (max-width: 768px) {
    .mainH1 {
        font-size: 2.5rem;
        letter-spacing: 0.4rem;
    }

    .mainH2 {
        font-size: 1.2rem;
    }
}

@media (max-width: 576px) {
    .mainH1 {
        font-size: 2rem;
        letter-spacing: 0.3rem;
    }

    .mainH2 {
        font-size: 1rem;
    }
}

/* ABOUT ME */

.aboutMe {
    padding: 1rem;
    background: linear-gradient(to bottom, #000 0%, rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.9) 75%, rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.8) 100%);
    color: #fff;
    font-weight: 300;
}

.text-decoration {
    font-weight: 500;
}

.aboutMe strong {
    font-weight: 600;
}

/* image - book signing */
.booksign {
    width: 100%;
    max-width: 40%;
    height: auto;
}

/* PUBLICATIONS */

#publications {
    padding-left: 1rem;
    padding-right: 1rem;
    padding-top: 3rem;
    padding-bottom: 2rem;
}

.pubHead {
    text-align: center;
}

.books-item {
    position: relative;
    float: left;
    width: 33.33%;
    padding: 5px;
}

.external-html {
    cursor: pointer;
    text-decoration: none;
    color: #fff;
    display: block;
    position: relative;
}

.books-item img {
    display: block;
    width: 100%;
    height: auto;
    border-radius: 3px;
    z-index: 1;
}

.row::after {
    content: '';
    clear: both;
    display: table;
}

@media screen and (max-width: 800px) {
    .books-item {
        width: 100%;
    }
}

.booksH2 {
    text-align: center;
    color: #000;
}

.books-info {
    position: absolute;
    top: 0;
    bottom: 0;
    left: 0;
    right: 0;
    height: 100%;
    width: 100%;
    opacity: 0;
    background-color: #8E4870;
    font-weight: 300;
    transition: opacity 0.3s ease;
    /* Smooth transition */
    padding: 5px;
    border-radius: 3px;
    color: #fff;
    overflow: auto;
}

.bookHead {
    font-family: "Lato", sans-serif;
    font-weight: bold;
    color: #fff;
}

.books-info p {
    color: #fff;
    font-size: 14px;
}

/* Fix the hover effect to target the correct parent-child relationship */
.books-item:hover .books-info,
.external-html:hover .books-info {
    opacity: 1;
}

/* Style the link icon */
.details-link {
    position: absolute;
    bottom: 10px;
    right: 10px;
    font-size: 20px;
}

/* chapters */

#chapters {
    padding-left: 1rem;
    padding-right: 1rem;
    padding-top: 2rem;
    padding-bottom: 2rem;
}

.chapters-item {
    /* position: relative; */
    display: block;
    float: left;
    width: 100%;
    height: auto;
    padding: 5px;
    background-color: #8E4870;
    color: #fff;
    border-radius: 3px;
}

.chapters-item:hover {
    background-color: #AA6E90;
}

.chapters-link {
    text-decoration: none;
    color: #fff;
    cursor: pointer;
}

/* articles */

#articles {
    padding-left: 1rem;
    padding-right: 1rem;
    padding-top: 0;
    padding-bottom: 2rem;
}

.articles-item {
    /* position: relative; */
    display: block;
    float: left;
    width: 100%;
    height: auto;
    padding: 5px;
    background-color: #8E4870;
    color: #fff;
    border-radius: 3px;
}

.articles-item:hover {
    background-color: #AA6E90;
}

.articles-link {
    text-decoration: none;
    color: #fff;
    cursor: pointer;
}

/* Research and Knoweledge */

#research {
    font-family: "Lato", sans-serif;

}

.subBooks,
.pubHead {
    font-family: "Lato", sans-serif;
    font-weight: 400;
}

.research-link h4,
.podcast-link h4,
.research-nolink {
    font-weight: 300;
}

/* Reviews */

#reviews {
    padding-left: 1rem;
    padding-right: 1rem;
    padding-bottom: 2rem;
    padding-top: 3rem;

}

.reviews-container {
    width: 100%;
}

.review {
    float: left;
    width: 23.5%;
    background-color: #8E4870;
    height: 150px;
    padding: 5px;
    margin: 5px;
    overflow: hidden;
    border-radius: 3px;

}

.reviews-container::after {
    content: "";
    display: table;
    clear: both;

}

@media screen and (max-width: 900px) {
    .review {
        width: 50%;
    }
}

@media screen and (max-width: 600px) {
    .review {
        width: 100%;
    }
}

.review:hover {
    background-color: #AA6E90;
}



.review-link {
    text-decoration: none;
    color: #fff;
    font-style: italic;
}

/* CONTACT section */
.contact {
    background-color: #4d4d4d;
    color: #fff;
    padding: 1rem;
}

/* SOCIAL MEDIA and CONTACT */

.fa {
    font-size: 30px;
    width: 80px;
    justify-content: center;
    align-items: center;
    text-decoration: none;
}

.fa-instagram {
    color: #8E4870;
    background-color: #fff;
    font-size: 30px;
    padding-right: 10px;
    padding-top: 5px;
}

.fa-linkedin {
    color: #8E4870;
    background-color: #fff;
    font-size: 30px;
}

.socialmedia-contact {
    color: #000;
    background-color: #fff;
    text-transform: uppercase;
    text-align: center;
    height: 150px;
    width: 100%;
    align-items: center;
}

.email-contact {
    color: #000;
    background-color: #fff;
    text-transform: uppercase;
    text-align: center;
    height: 150px;
    width: 100%;
    align-items: center;
}

.email-contact a {
    color: #000;
    text-decoration: none;
    text-transform: uppercase;
    font-size: 18px;
}

hr {
    background-color: #8E4870;
    padding-top: 2px;
    height: 3px;
    width: 3rem;
    align-items: center;
    margin-bottom: 5px;
}

footer {
    text-align: center;
    background: #f4f4f4;
    color: #333;
    padding: 20px;
    font-family: "Lato", sans-serif;
}

footer h5,
footer h6 {
    margin: 10px 0;
    line-height: 1.3;
}

/*  adjustment for smaller screens */
@media (max-width: 768px) {
    footer {
        padding: 15px;
    }

    footer h5 {
        font-size: 1rem;
    }

    footer h6 {
        font-size: 0.9rem;
        line-height: 1.3;
    }
}

/*  smaller screens - mobiles */
@media (max-width: 480px) {
    footer {
        padding: 10px;
    }

    footer h5 {
        font-size: 0.9rem;
    }

    footer h6 {
        font-size: 0.8rem;
        line-height: 1.2;
    }
}

/* -----------------EXTERNAL FILES-------------------- */

#books-external {
    padding-left: 1rem;
    padding-right: 1rem;
    padding-bottom: 2rem;
    background-color: #fff;
    color: #4d4d4d;
    font-family: "Lato", sans-serif;
    font-weight: 400;
    font-style: normal;

}


.books-h2-external {
    background-color: #8E4870;
    color: #fff;
    padding: 15px;

}

.nameHead {
    padding-left: 2rem;
    font-family: "Lato", sans-serif;
    font-weight: 400;
    font-style: normal;
}

.button-external {
    padding: 10px 20px;
    text-decoration: none;
    background-color: #8E4870;
    color: #fff;
    text-align: center;
    display: inline-block;
    font-size: 16px;
    margin: 4px 2px;
    cursor: pointer;

}

/* research section */
#research {
    padding-left: 1rem;
    padding-right: 1rem;
    padding-top: 3rem;
    padding-bottom: 2rem;
    background-color: #4d4d4d;
    color: #fff;
}

.research-link,
.podcast-link {
    text-decoration: none;
    color: #CDA1B9;
}

.research-link h4:hover {
    background-color: #AA6E90;
    color: #fff;
}

.podcast-link h4:hover {
    background-color: #AA6E90;
    color: #fff;
}

/* underline text */
.pubHead,
.subBooks {
    text-decoration: underline;
    text-decoration-thickness: 5px;
    text-decoration-color: #8E4870;

}

/* Back to Top Button */
#backToTop {
    position: fixed;
    bottom: 20px;
    right: 20px;
    width: 50px;
    height: 50px;
    background: #8E4870;
    color: white;
    border: none;
    border-radius: 50%;
    box-shadow: 0 4px 8px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.3);
    cursor: pointer;
    display: flex;
    justify-content: center;
    align-items: center;
    font-size: 24px;
    z-index: 9999;
    opacity: 0;
    pointer-events: none;
    /* ensure cross browser compatibility */
    transition: 0.3s, transform 0.3s, background 0.3s;
    -webkit-transition: opacity 0.3s, transform 0.3s, background 0.3s;
    /* safari */
    -moz-transition: opacity 0.3s, transform 0.3s, background 0.3s;
    /* firefox */
    -ms-transition: opacity 0.3s, transform 0.3s, background 0.3s;
    /* IE */
    -o-transition: opacity 0.3s, transform 0.3s, background 0.3s;
    /* Opera */
    /* iOS specific fixes */
    -webkit-appearance: none;
    -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;
    outline: none;
}

#backToTop.show {
    opacity: 1;
    pointer-events: auto;
}



#backToTop:hover,
#backToTop:active {
    background: #AA6E90;
    transform: scale(1.1);
    -webkit-transform: scale(1.1);
    /* Safari */
}

/* mobile support */
@media (hover: none) {
    #backToTop {
        background: #8E4870 !important;
        /* enlarge button for touch devices */
        width: 60px;
        height: 60px;
        font-size: 28px;
    }
}